according to symbolic interactionists, gender is quizlet according to symbolic interactionists, gender is quizlet

The mythopoetic men's movement Orthodox Jewish 1. 1. Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. The National Organization for Women is the largest _________ organization in the United States. According to proponents of critical race theory, race has been structured into the functions, systems and social institutions of our society. d. man without children. c. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions "Pinkcollar" jobs are jobs Jeff's statement is an example of a: Which of the following statements is true? a. differences in women's and men's levels of education, skills, training, and work experience. b. language b. This perspective argues that the best way to understand gender relations is to see women as an oppressed social class. b. traditional conceptions of gender. d. hard workers. b. inheritance laws in agricultural societies increased the power of females in the family. c. a little over half Using an intersectional lens to analyze social systems, it is useful to consider how capitalism, racism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism, and/or ableism intertwine to stratify society and impact life chances for individuals and groups. This theory asserts that gender is an interactive performance we stage through our interactions with others. b. science, technology, engineering, and math. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, In sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that understands social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) as emerging from human interaction. 1865 This is forced sexual intercourse involving penetration and psychological as well as physical coercion. b. b. 1. Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. d. 35. d. necessary for the advancement of society. b. HIV/AIDS. c. determined by the needs of society. Interactionists see race and ethnicity as important sources of individual identity and social symbolism. 1. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written d. all of these. Consider how much money, time, and effort went toward maintaining separate and unequal educational systems prior to the civil rights movement. d. Females are less likely to be unemployed than males. d. nearly twothirds, 1. 1790 The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. Conflict theorists examine power disparities and struggles between various racial and ethnic groups. For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. Thus, intersectionality is not only a lens and theory but also a potential solution to social problems, reminding sociologists that the many status intersections of race, social class, gender, sexuality, age and/or disability should be considered when seeking remedies to social ills. b. number of elderly females compared to elderly males. a. the glass ceiling effect. Because he was a man entering the traditionally female field of elementary school teaching, Edward was promoted to school principal over his female counterparts who had more experience. b. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. b. nurturant Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. c. women and girls were significantly underrepresented with twice as many male title and main characters. b. a set of slang terms that degrade females. Do you think films like "Black Panther" have the potential to change society? (There are certainly exceptions.) c. second shift theory Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act 1. According to conflict theorists, In this theory, Cooley argued that an individuals perception of himself or herself is based primarily how society views him or her. Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo d. human capital hypothesis. Females and males have been socialized to perform various roles and to expect their partners to perform other complementary roles. 40% Her job requires caring, negotiating, and empathizing, also known as c. when a child enters school. d. feminist, 1. The existence of a hostile work environment can be considered sexual harassment. b. sexual harassment c. suicide. b. gender role ideology a. egalitarian gender roles. Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. Women have higher rates of HIV/AIDS worldwide. b. The belief held by a society that females are less valuable than males is an example of. Using the high-low method, determine (a) the variable cost per unit and (b) the total fixed cost. Scholars of this perspective study how individuals act within society, and believe that meaning is produced through the interactions of individuals. 1._________ refers to the belief that there are innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. a. in the entertainment industry. In the U.S., ___________ are the poorest of all families. d. all of these, 1. a. improvements in men's health but a decline in women's health. This is consistent with. c. transgendered individuals c. 40 Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? Judging women negatively for seeking sex and pleasure outside relationships, while men are judged less harshly, is known as a _____________. d. Both females and males believe that women are superior at details and nurturing, thus, the females should be responsible for the home and children. In the United States, women are less likely than men to major in When Travis and Carrie decide who will take on which household task they tend to rely on what they learned as children. Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. Gutierrez, Erika. This type of approach would appeal to the sensitive and relational characteristics typically associated with femininity. Seen as an acceptance of a woman's subordination to men, Structural- Functionalism uses the concept of ____________ to explain gender inequality. d. women's recent educational accomplishments. 25% d. 71, 1. According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins d. gender deviance hypothesis, 1. b. anti-poverty programs designed to address overall economic inequality will reduce the feminization of poverty. According to the World Health Organization, which of the following is a way that traditional definitions of gender impact the health and well being of women and girls? A(n)________ individual is a person whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their birth sex. d. individual sexism. 1. a. none c. Manifest a. poor diets b. b. human capital Societal According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins a. at birth. Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. c. caring. When individuals are racialized, they are stereotyped, minimized, often in the form or caricatures. Occupational sex segregation continues for all of the following reasons EXCEPT c. gender understanding c. promote technology. National Order for Women (NOW) a. sexually explicit jokes that female office personnel find offensive Delgado and Stefancic (2001) provided a foundational understanding of critical race theory by considering the following six elements: 1. Over 775 million adults over the age of 15 cannot read or write. The _________ states that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of sex. b. about one quarter In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. Problems arise when one or more racial or ethnic groups experience inequalities and discriminations. d. devaluation, 1. Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. c. an employee who "accidentally" fondles a coworker 1. a. at birth. c. cultural sexism. home simultaneously. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? a. b. pastoral 10 percent If we pay attention to the multiplicity of social life, perhaps our institutions and arrangements will better address the problems that plague us (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 56). The documentary, So Sexy So Soon shows ____________ in the media. In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of Black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited Black political and social power. d. women are significantly more likely to live in poverty than men. A1. c. The Equal Education Act of 1984 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Symbolic Interactionism Theory, Overarching theme for Symbolic Interactionism Theory, Terms and Concepts for Symbolic Interactionism Theory and more. For example, Ibram X. Kendi (2020) writes of an opportunity gap that exists in education whereas predominantly white instituitons frame this as an achievement gap; where the former places the problem with society, the latter frames the problem as people of color themselves. a. relative resources approach Erving Goffman, one of the forefathers of this theoretical perspective, emphasized the importance of control in social interactions. d. 81%. b. do not address teasing or creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. This type of approach would appeal to the analytical characteristics typically associated with masculinity. 1. For example, while it is not an intended outcome, schools in an urban community may lead to an increase in interracial friendships and relationships, which is a beneficial outcome for the larger community and society. d. higher self-esteem among boys than girls. b. 10 According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins. Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are a. a decrease of women in the workforce after World War II. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. According to Cooleys concept of the looking-glass self, an individuals understanding of their gender role is based on how society perceives them. Consider the way slave owners justified slavery in the antebellum South, by suggesting Black people were fundamentally inferior to white and preferred slavery to freedom. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. According to symbolic interactionists, gender inequality becomes part of our performances of gender through ___________. a. religion c. Most women's jobs are more highly valued than men's jobs. d. white female-headed households. In the United States, elementary and secondary school teachers have been found to a. Liberal feminism is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? In general, religious teachings have tended to promote c. employers channeling men and women upon their career entry into gender-specific jobs. c. Women's socialization better qualifies them to understand, teach, nurse, and physically care for children. a. reliance on gender stereotyping. b. quotas 5 percent The glass ceiling refers to the lack of women in higher education. 1. Occupational sex segregation has continued to increase in recent years. 1. Blanca works in a personnel department. According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we do gender: Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? Structural-functionalists argue that the traditional division of labor is no longer as functional today because of all of the following EXCEPT d. biological differences in capability. Finally, when examining the unique voices of color element, it should be understood that people of color contribute distinct ideas, perspectives, and experiences that whites are unlikely to know (Delgado & Stefancic, p. 9). To consider racism as normal, not deviant or an aberration, implies that race is normalized as business as usual in our social structures such as our schools, housing patterns, the workplace, politics, mass media including television and social media, sports, the criminal justice system, and so on. c. lower unemployment. c. cardiovascular diseases. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. c. Quakers Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. a. men seeking traditionally female jobs are more likely to be hired or promoted. 1. a. a. pinkcollar jobs As discussed in Chapter 1.2 with regards to the social construction of race, since some people who claim a white identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a Black identity, how did they come to define themselves as Black or white? b. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions. The way multiple social categories such as race, gender, class, sexuality, intersect to produce unique forms of discrimination and oppression. d. the overrepresentation of women in unskilled and semiskilled positions. b. women in traditionally male jobs are less likely to be promoted to high managerial or administrative positions. a. women's labor union c. men equally shared responsibility with the women for caring for children. a. based on biological sex differences. b. In the ______ , the United States made it illegal to discriminate in wages or employment on the basis of sex. c. gender stereotypes Hence, we can observe people from various racial and ethnic backgrounds interacting harmoniously in a state of social balance. In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. 1. Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. The __________ refers to society's tendency to discourage males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. Why or why not? This resulting racial hierarchy has benefited (white) elites (materially) and the working class (psychically), according to Delgado and Stefancic (2001). Some people who claim a White identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a Black identity; how did they come to define themselves as Black or White? d. give boys more extended directions than girls. Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? a. feminization of poverty. b. institutional sexism. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the white ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the people of color. Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, c. Taxable income Income tax rate. a. women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children. example of This concept, sometimes, can be problematic. In the view of functionalism, racial and ethnic inequalities must have served an important function in order to exist as long as they have. Which of the following statements about school and gender is true? 1. 1999-2023, Rice University. Finally, critical race theorists pose a variety of social reforms. c. woman without children. a. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. 1. a. hiring preferences for veterans Net income Income tax rate. Within the institution of higher education, Ladson-Billings and Tate (1995) noted that racialization and marginalization result in African American students coming to the university as "intruders" (p. 60). In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of Black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited Black political and social power. d. women should embrace their femininity and reject masculine qualities. b. d. a worker who displays sexually explicit photographs in his office carrel, 1. This occurs when citizens from economically developed countries travel to less economically developed countries to purchase the sexual services of local people. 2 As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Interactionists believe that these meanings are derived through social interaction, and that these meanings are managed and transformed through an interpretive process that people use to make sense of, and handle, the objects that constitute their social worlds. _____________ refers to the belief that there are innate differences between women and men and that these differences result in the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. c. gender socialization that discourages males from expressing emotion and asking for help. b. gender role ideology b. Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. a. c. die about two years earlier than women. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. the type of masculinity at the top of those hierarchies, and it changes across times, cultures, and subcultures, In general, patriarchal societies are characterized by, Women must earn a _________ degree in order to make more than a man with a bachelor's degree. d. industrial. For example, the institutional research performed by Jant Hund (2019) found when African American and Latinx community college students were taught by same race-ethnic faculty, their course completion rates were higher; this research suggests that hiring more African American and Latinx faculty would serve to improve the course completion rates for African American and Latinx colleges students. All of the following EXCEPT ____________ are core values of the ManKind Project. One-to-one interactions and communications. d. more education for girls, 1. a. objectification of women but not men. Another way to apply the functionalist perspective to race and ethnicity is to discuss the way racism can contribute positively to the functioning of society by strengthening bonds between in-group members through the ostracism of out-group members. . b. listen to girls more than boys. b. soon after a child learns to talk. The meaning attached to racial an ethnic labels and images. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Intersectional theory reminds us to consider how race, gender, and social class not only impact our social structures and our social interactions but are also engrained within our social institutions. The _________ hypothesis argues that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work performed by men. According to Bonacich, this will naturally lead to resentment and ethnic antagonism between these groups of workers. This tenet can help to understand how the experiences of Black women and Latinas, for example, may vary if they are upper class and lesbian versus if they are working class and heterosexual. d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. c. women tend to choose traditionally female jobs. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? a. is antifeminist. Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. b. c. Boys and girls learn differently. Carl's argument best illustrates which of the following perspectives on sex work? Structural-functionalists argue that the traditional division of labor is no longer as functional today because. Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act. The rebirth of feminism in the 1960s was due to all of the following EXCEPT d. the Rambo effect. 1. 1. b. b. women are superior to men. The belief that laws that make sex work illegal are created by people with power, influence, and the ability to institutionalize their conceptualizations of particular morals and values is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? To understand race as a social construction is to understand that racial categories are invented, manipulated, or retired when convenient ( Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 7). 1. d. 98 percent, 1. a. glass ceiling Worldwide, women tend to work jobs characterized by all of the following EXCEPT We grow up surrounded by images of stereotypes and casual expressions of racism and prejudice. The goal of social interaction is to communicate with others. However, the policy led to a disproportionate stopping and detention of Black and Latinx men and ultimately deemed as unconstitutional by the courts. c. music and the arts. Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. Another way to apply the interactionist perspective is to look at how people define their races and the race of others. Blumer, Herbert. . 1. c. that are easy and that don't involve getting dirty. d. Equal Rights Amendment, 1. ________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. 1. a. the idea that women can achieve as much success as men if they work hard enough. a. a. Roman Catholic b. be designed to be stimulating and exciting. _____________ refers to the belief that there are innate differences between women and men and that these differences result in the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. 1. b. On the average, men in the United States As discussed in Chapter 1.5, Black feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) developed intersection theory, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes. According to Robert Merton, the manifest functions of social institutions and their policies are intended to produce beneficial outcomes. Females are more biologically equipped for household labor and childcare. Which of the following cultures DOES NOT have a socially acceptable position for third genders? are licensed under a, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change. d. greater improvements in men's health than women's health. We recommend using a a. informal working arrangements. b. sexual script a. children require more time and attention than jobs outside the home. According to this framework, the split labor market would help to explain the ethnic antagonism that exists between white workers in the United States and undocumented workers from Latin America. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women. Centering race in the examination of social phenomena and inequality. West & Zimmerman emphasized that gender is maintained through accountability. c. little encouragement to follow STEM pursuits. For instance, if a teacher labels their students as either "intelligent and motivated" or "slow and lazy" based on racial and ethnic stereotypes, this could impact interactions in the classroom and may also lead to an internalization of those stereotypes and lower academic performance (Rist, 1970; Steele, 2010). Check out this video of Kimberl Crenshaw explaining the premise of intersectionality: Video \(\PageIndex{4}\): Professor Kimberl Crenshaw Defines the Urgency of Intersectionality. The American feminist movement began in which year? People will react to something according to the meaning that that thing has for them (the meaning being created through our . Feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) further developed intersection theory, originally articulated in 1989 by Kimberl Crenshaw, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes (Figure 11.4).