Every day, COVID-19 seems to reach a new and tragic milestone. Moreover, communication during and after a crisis affects long-term impressions (Coombs, 2007). While the initial spread of infection was relatively slow, cases increased quickly by March 12th, after winter break for schools ended and many Norwegians returned from skiing holidays in Northern Italy (Dagsavisen, 2020). PubMed Central 10. By demonstrating concern and acknowledging the impact of crises, leaders can empathise with the public (Shen, 2010; Lunn et al., 2020). Having control over the dramaturgy of political communication is thus central to effective leadership and crisis management (Boin et al., 2016). COVID-19 specific Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) has been distributed to NNSY's USS George H.W. They can be used to advocate for specific changes in policies or simply raise awareness about the virus. But don't fret! Inform Commun Soc 18(4):45973. It has led to job and economic losses, an increase in stress and mental health disorders, and changes in education systems. Dr. Abreu Lanfranco provides some advice to help convince people to practice social distancing and remain at home to slow the spread of COVID-19. Some of the information in this story may have changed after publication. Enli and Rosenberg (2018) investigated voters evaluations of politicians as authentic or real, and Solberg was found to be one of the most perceived authentic politicians. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20187427, Article According to Boin et al., leadership during crisis always has a moral dimension. Accessed 25 May 2021, Jenzen O, Erhart I, Eslen-Ziya H, Korkut U, McGarry A (2021) The symbol of social media in contemporary protest: Twitter and the Gezi Park movement. Bush (CVN 77), USS Wyoming (SSBN 742) and USS San Francisco (SSN 701) projects, with . The analyses identified five major themes: (1) Promoting responsibility and togetherness (2) Coping (3) Being in control amidst uncertainty (4) Fostering hope and (5) Relating with the followers. Next, we combined all the similar codes while labelling them in clusters and organised them into analytical themes/categories (see Fig. Health Commun 28(2):11932. If you need professional writing help, don't worry! Cureus 8(10). You can disable these cookies in your browser In incorporating these frame functions, leaders are posed with various choices and decision-making such as how they choose to or not choose to dramatise the situation, the language that they use and how they appeal to the colleactive emotions and stress. Creating human moments and hope is a sign of compassionate leadership and helps to establish the relational foundation for widespread support for pandemic control measures (Maak et al., 2021). The authors further examine the ideas that having successful communication with the public, a collaborative and pragmatic decision-making style, the countrys resourcefulness, and high trust of government all contributed to the relative success in Norway. Hum Commun Res 36(3):397422. FullStory, Google Universal Analytics, This adaption from a communicative stance to a more persuasive one could result from not only the perceived severity of the situation, but also the perceived risks of pandemic fatigue. These three are also called Logos, Ethos, and Pathos. For example, on November 5, 2020, Solberg made the following post announcing new national measures, which received over 5000 likes: My message to the Norwegian people is: Stay at home as much as possible. It has also had a negative effect on social interactions, as people have been asked to limit their contact with others. Such insights can pave way for understanding publics shaping of risk perceptions and compliance to behavioural measures during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. More recently, Erna Solberg has received heavy criticism for breach of COVID-19 restrictions during a family trip to Geilo for her 60th birthday (The Guardian, 2021a). site. The first Norwegian COVID-19 patient was diagnosed on February 26, 2020. Hum Commun Res 39(2):230251. Routledge, New York, pp. What unites us is more important than what separates us. For example, on New Years Day following the Gjerdrum community disaster (a sudden and unexpected mudslide that destroyed several residential houses) and rise in the number of infections during the holiday period (2125 reported cases on December 29, 2020), Solberg posted the following post: [] During the year we have put behind us, Norway has lined up for the big dugnad. The social impacts of Covid19 have also been significant. We already know that some people who tested positive for COVID-19 and "recovered," now are testing positive again. For instance, people have had the opportunity to learn new skills and build relationships online. Celestin 1 Mason Celestin Professor Pearsall Persuasive Speech 2 May 2020 Persuasive Outline on . By giving detailed reasoning behind measures being taken amidst uncertainty, Solberg exhibits both confidence and honesty in her narratives (Lunn et al., 2020). As these are not the direct effects of the COVID-19 infection, but a result of the contagion containment measures imposed on citizens by the government, we observe Solberg taking responsibility and providing solutions to help. University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in As countries across the world grapple with mitigating the risks associated with the pandemic, communicationan essential component of planning, response, and recovery during crisis (Houston et al., 2014)has been one of the integral parts of the crisis management (Reddy and Gupta, 2020). Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Google Scholar, Henderson B, Vikander N (eds) (2007) Nature first: outdoor life the friluftsliv way. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068811436037, Article Google Scholar, Larsen K (2021) Erna Solbergs popularitet stuper (Erna Solbergs popularity plummets). We use data collected by cookies and JavaScript libraries. How social distancing and safety precautions help decrease amount of cases 3. We have included some posts under each theme to illustrate our analytical process and illuminate the themes (Sandelowski, 1994). The construction of a successful persuasive narrative requires five frame functions: namely that the narrative will offer a credible explanation of what happened, it will provide guidance, instil hope, show empathy, and suggest that leaders are in control (Boin et al., 2016). The global impact of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, means colleges and prospective students alike are in for an admissions cycle like no other. Google Analytics 4, ActiveCampaign, 227246, Balmas M, Rahat G, Sheafer T, Shenhav SR (2014) Two routes to personalized politics: Centralized and decentralized personalization. Public Relat Rev 37(1):2027. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (Humanit Soc Sci Commun) MathSciNet Two other categories of individuals (those recently exposed to violence and those with pre-existing mental health problems) were found to be at special risk but worrying about the consequences of the pandemic was also found to contribute negatively to mental health. After the first COVID-19 vaccines were rolled out in the United States, local and state. Solberg and the other ministers played an important role in communicating with citizens and the media through daily media briefings together with the NDH (Norwegian Directorate of Health) and NIPH (Norwegian Institute of Public Health) (Christensen and Lgreid, 2020). Solbergs open discussion about mental health during the pandemic implies a situation-specific and data-driven strategy of managing the less visible effects of the pandemic and show insight in anticipating future needs (Han et al., 2020). Slider with three articles shown per slide. To help you get started, here are some example essays for you to read: Covid19, also known as Coronavirus, is an infectious disease that has had a major impact on the world. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2016.1187392, Coombs WT (2007) Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: the development and application of situational crisis communication theory. This year I hope we can take our dreams back. https://www.dagsavisen.no/nyheter/innenriks/2020/10/30/fhi-norge-ble-varslet-om-koronasmitte-fra-osterrike-allerede-4-mars/. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.849, Enli G (2014) Mediated authenticity. Visual Tagger. Before the pandemic, Simon and Mobekk (2019) argued that the concept of dugnad is central to Norwegian culture, inculcating prosocial and cooperative behaviour, and thereby plays a role in Norway being one of the most egalitarian democracies and having high levels of equality and reciprocity. Moreover, crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic can disrupt the socio-political order of societies, leaving a cognitive void in the minds of the public that can be filled with fear and uncertainty (Boin et al., 2016). Leaders in countries such New Zealand, UK, Brazil have also been found to have used a similar narrative emphasizing patriotic duty, love of country, and coming together as one, to mobilise community action (Dada et al., 2021). So much disinformation fills the airways now on that topic, especially until one can not be certain enough of one's sources. The measures also included a ban on cultural events, closed swimming gyms and pools, a halt to all service provisions that involved being less than one meter away from another person, and prohibiting visits to recreational cabinsFootnote 1, among others. This Facebook post, shared soon after comprehensive shut-down measures were introduced, shows how important, for Solberg, was Norwegian solidarity expressed as we (March 12, 2020): Dear everyone. A study of different ways of communicating healthcare messages suggested that believability of the messages and the recipients reactions to them can be influenced by the persuasive intent (Wang and Shen, 2019). Some parents express worry that masks might interfere with children's ability to learn or to socialize. Even so, the success of a persuasive narrative is to a great extent dependant on the credibility of its proponents (Boin et al., 2016). For example, the post below was made just before Easter and it received more than 13000 likes, making it to be the third-most liked post of Solberg related to COVID-19 during this period. You never know when you'll need to fall . The authors posit that in a pandemic it is crucial to create and use meta-narratives that are a good fit with the context in order to aid meaning-making and increase compliance. Bus Horizon 58(2):163172. Be it advice to spend time in nature, or to keep social distance or self-isolation, we consider that Solbergs approach to coping aligns with the frame function of offering guidance. The Norwegian government, like that of many other countries, had introduced measures such as mandatory quarantine and social distancing rules to manage the spread of the virus. At Haskell Indian Nations University, for example, a student was kicked out of his campus housing and forced to sleep in his car during a pandemic and under a statewide stay-at-home order after administrators suspended him without a hearing for telling a campus facilities employee he was on "some kind of power trip" and "being an . In addition, the findings add contextual nuances to the frame functions through the theme of Responsibilization and togetherness, which are reflected through references to Norwegianness and the cultural concept and practice of dugnad. For example, with the re-opening of DNT [Den Norske Turistforening] cabins in mid-2020, Solberg in her post on June 11 emphasized the importance of being outdoors in fresh air: We need to use our bodies and get out into the light and fresh air. Following which, Erna Solberg, has been investigated by police and fined (The Guardian, 2021b). (2016), a leaders personification of suffering is instrumental in showing empathy because the public is then able to relate to them. Solberg has used Facebook more actively than other outlets like Twitter and has more followers on Facebook than any other platform. Humour was used as a tool to engage with the public and help them relate and comply to the COVID-19 restrictions. Our analysis resulted in five themes: (1) Promoting responsibility and togetherness (2) Coping (3) Being in control amidst uncertainty (4) Fostering hope and (5) Relating with the followers. (2021) on the topic of mental health in the Norwegian population during the COVID-19 pandemic found that a substantial proportion of the population experienced significant psychological distress in the early phases. After the event, she wrote: It is important that we can have some humour in a difficult time Even a prime minister can forget, but now it is important that we all remember to follow the advice of the health authorities. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01381.x, Article Say what you wish you could have said if you had the chance. Have the least possible social contact with others. However, it has also given rise to many opportunities. The impact of current events on society and the world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, or the refugee crisis. By drawing on data from Solbergs Facebook posts during the pandemic our analyses identified five major themes, (1) Promoting responsibility and togetherness (2) Coping (3) Being in control amidst uncertainty (4) Fostering hope and (5) Relating with the followers, where we went in detail explanation by using frame functions of a persuasive narrative by Boin et al. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/09/norway-prime-minister-erna-solberg-fined-breaking-covid-rules-birthday. In conclusion, Covid19 has had a major impact on our lives in many ways. More than one out of four reported ongoing psychological distress over the threshold for clinically significant symptoms. "The U.S. was uniquely bad in terms of the rate at which it surpassed 500 confirmed cases of COVID-19. However, upon her appointment as Prime Minister, Solberg displayed a softer side by caring about voters jobs, health, and schools (Notaker and Tvedt, 2021). Drawing inspiration from Boin, Stern and Sundelius, work on persuasive narratives, this study shows the ways that Solbergs posts about COVID-19 exhibit all five identified frame functions. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12092, Article For example, we may serve you a personalized ad based Unsurprisingly, at a time of near-universal emergency, governments of all hues - from dictatorships to democracies - are enlisting their armed forces to help combat the pandemic. The reason we were able to hit the ground running when COVID-19 first emerged is that we foresaw the inevitable threat of a pandemic, and four years earlier, we invested to prepare for it. Human Rights Watch reports that at least 83 governments used the pandemic "to justify violating the exercise of free speech." The United States has avoided the worst excesses of this global . Google Scholar, Blix I, Birkeland MS, Thoresen S (2021) Worry and Mental Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Vulnerability Factors in the General Norwegian Population. BMJ Global Health 6(1):e003910. What leaders post on social media can give insights into their communication and leadership strategies during crises. Understanding how leaders communicate with the public during crises will not only provide us with the knowledge about their governance styles but will also guide us to their meaning-making in times of uncertainty.
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