The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. (predicate nominative), app.app.app. King on a raised platform surrounded by 700 Eunuchs; only approached lying down on the ground. Even into her 60s, Queen Nzinga personally led her troops into battle to protect their land. The mit'a system was to build buildings and create roads through an empire. The Mughal Empire is also known for its religious tolerance, as the emperors welcomed people of different faiths and sought to create a peaceful and harmonious society. It was the world's largest country by land area, covering more than one-sixth of the planet's land surface, and the third most populous. US military How did the Ottoman Empire (c. 1300-1922), in Middle East & Southern Europe centralize their bureaucracies? During this time, Europeans stuck to themselves in trading posts and did not assert authority over land, but did overseas known as, Difference Between Land-Based and Maritime Empires, Divine Right of Kings (French Empire), Mandate of Heaven (China), Songhai Islam (Songhai), Devshirme System (Ottoman Empire), Samurai Warriors (Japan), Qing Dynasty (Restrictive Policy on Han Chinese), Spanish Empire (The Casta System), The Ottoman Empire (The Millet System), The Mughal Empire (Zamindar/Rajput System), The Portugese in Africa/India, The Dutch in Southeast Asia, The French in North America, The British in North America, The Spanish in North and South America. TheFrenchEmpiredeclinedinthenineteenthcentury. The lateen sail was a triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against wind. \hline \text { Column 4 } & {10} & {365} \\ Settled nomads who were not interested in overseas expansion ruled a few of these states. Are there any areas in or around your school or neighborhood that are safety concerns? It was a major player in world affairs and one of the great powers of the nineteenth century. Once contact with the Americas was open, the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch increasingly invested in the explorations. Ottoman Empire Between the 14th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. \hline \begin{array}{l} Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Songhai Empire ruled over a large portion of West Africa. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. The Aztec Empire, also known as the Mexica Empire, was a Mesoamerican empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America from the 14th to the 16th century. The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. The Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, bringing an end to the Aztec Empire. They had a strong military with production of gunpowder and firearms. Europeans, after the scientific revolution, were often more advanced with technology and weapons, leading to their dominance in the colony. What methods were used by the Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE). Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. Positive - new products were being traded, allies were made, wealth, plantation farming increased How did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. \text { Groups } Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land based empires. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. The Manchu imposed their will on the Qing people Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Europeans built empires that stretched across oceans included territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. What is a land-based empire? It caused labor shortages and spread Christianity as well as colonization. During the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan underwent significant economic and cultural development. (subject), v.v.v. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. Ruled from 1644 until 1911. The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. a) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the - Brainly For example, the Kongo was in decline. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. Manchu Empire, 1911. How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? Mughals, 1857. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. (verb), i.o.i.o.i.o. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. These empires were land-based, meaning they focused their attention predominantly on land-based expansion or administration and did not express interest in controlling overseas territory. The Qing Empire was distinguished by a centralized government, a social hierarchy, and a bureaucratic rule system. It came to an end in the mid-19th century, as the British East India Company gained more and more control over India and eventually took control of the Mughal Empire. Include any . I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia. Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. A major difference between these two types of empires is that the empires on the left were predominantly land based, meaning most of their power and wealth came from the land. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. Explain how & why various land based empires developed & expanded from 1450-1750 Land empires included the Manchu in Central & East Asia; the Mughal in South & Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, & North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East 1c. Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great. The Portuguese were a growing empire as they conquered trading routes and expanded their access to trade. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. It was founded by Babur, a Chaghatai Turkic prince who traced his ancestry back to Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, on his father's side, and to Genghis Khan on his mother's side. How did social hierarchies change in this time? It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. Indentured servitude was a contract as landowners provided food and shelter for the work done instead of money. Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. Trade thrived and art led to success. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. 3. Land Based Empires (1450-1750) Freemanpedia Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, started the Ghazi model for warriors. (Refe The Mughal Empire was a Muslim dynasty that ruled India from the early 16th to the mid-19th century. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. South By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. The Safavid Empire was centered in modern-day Iran and included parts of Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. The global economy thrived as trade, inflation was caused, and labor increased. The Ming Dynasty was known for its trade expansion to the outside world, including the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Treasure Fleet, a powerful navy that allowed China to become a dominant maritime power. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. What were the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees in number with the word to which the relative pronoun refers. It showed his power and wealth. In this empire art and literature flourished. Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. Negative - disease spread, environmental issues, slave rebellion, silver taken. \text { Variation } The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 Flashcards | Quizlet to collect taxes? This guide was updated to align with the new course! The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. In the Atlantic, the consistent trade from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe was known as. The Safavid Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role in the spread of Shia Islam in the region. 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. The Songhai Empire was a major regional power in West Africa and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the region. Include both positive and negative outcomes. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. Texans, Choose three of the groups listed below and describe how their experience was similar to or different from the experience described in the song. In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. Describe European maritime empires: Spanish. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. What methods were used by the Ottoman Empire to collect taxes? Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. This allowed for indirect rule (instead of centralized direct authority), where the Aztec did not have to be present in conquered areas to maintain control. Economic systems were disrupted as trade intensified. How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power? Used the Shia version of Islam. But there are a few key features of these empires. In order to resist the Portuguese. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world, at its peak stretching from present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan in the west to Bangladesh and parts of India in the east. 1. Restrictions on women were softened and everyone had religious tolerance. It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. The empire was known for its strong military, which allowed it to conquer and expand its territory by conquering a number of neighboring states. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. Advertisement New questions in History Previous Advertisement The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. How did leaders legitimize their rule through architecture 1450-1700? Meeting to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai), After kicking out the Mongols, Russians reclaimed their land, Ivan IV started to expand until they reached the Pacific Ocean, Ottomans enslaved young Christian boys from Southeastern Europe and converted them to Islam, worked for the Ottoman government, a local official in Mughal India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government, Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god (popular in European monarchies), A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject, A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. New languages developed as a blend of different dialects, such as Creole. Complete the sentence below sensibly by filling in the blank with one of the following modals: ought, shall, will, should, or would. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. The French were the least important empire but they had military supremacy. The Inca Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro. In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers.